The movement was initially bolstered by Gandhi’s noncooperation movement but fell … In 1920 Abdul Kalam Azad and Maulana Abdul Bari gave a call for Hijrat Movement and urged the Muslims to migrate to a place where they can freely practice their religion, they called India as ‘Dar-ul-Harb’. • However, Afghanistan being a poor country was unable to accept this large crowd of migrants. Corrections? • After the incident of Chauri Chaura, Gandhi also withdrew his support from the Khilafat Movement. The main reason for this concern was that Turkey was the home of Khilafat. Being a Caliph, the Ottoman emperor was the supreme religious and political leader of all Sunni Muslims across the world. For UPSC 2021 preparation, follow BYJU'S. • The hostile protestors set the police station on fire that burnt 22 policemen alive. The All-India Khilafat Conference held at Delhi in November 1919 decided to withdraw all cooperation from the government if their demands were not met. It lured thousands of Muslim peasants to abandon their village homes and trudge over frozen high passes in a disastrous, …of the collapse of the Khilāfat movement, which occurred after Kemal Atatürk announced his modernist Turkish reforms in 1923 and disavowed the very title of caliph the following year. • At the start of WWI, the Ottoman Empire of Turkey held the seat of Khilafat. The Khilafat Movement and the Congress Non-Cooperation Movement merged into one nationwide movement by the year-end of 1920. Download Non-Cooperation Movement notes PDF for IAS Exam. • Maulana Shaukat Ali was decided as the General Secretary of the Khilafat Movement. History Notes Khilafat Movement Q1. • In 1919, the Khilafat Committee was established to launch the Khilafat Movement. Long Term Reason. Britain and Russia had a rivalry over Afghanistan and Persia (Muslim Countries) Little attention was given to what locals want; British made Muslims afraid of Hindu To win cooperation; Muslims dd not want to fight fellow Muslims in Turkey Desertions from army; Maulana Fazl Ul Haq in 1918 On June 9 1920, the Khilafat Committee at Allahabad unanimously accepted the suggestion of non-cooperation and asked Gandhiji to lead the movement. Khilafat movement cemented Hindu-Muslim unity As it began to lose […] • But the Turkish side lost the war and Muslims became concerned about the Khalifa and the Ottoman Empire. Contents1 Important Terms2 Important Dates3 Effects of First World War 4 The Rowlatt Act (1919)5 Satyagraha 6 Jallianwala Bagh 7 Khilafat Movement 8 Non-Cooperation Movement 9 Simon Commission 10 Salt March (Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement) 11 Round Table Conference Important Terms Boycott: A boycott is a form of consumer activism involving the act of voluntarily … In early 1919 a Khilafat Committee was famed. Turkey was important to the Indian Muslims as the Sultan of Turkey was also the ‘Caliph’ (or Khalifa) and was the head of the Muslims throughout the world. It was further undermined when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk drove the Greeks from western Asia Minor in 1922 and deposed the Turkish sultan Mehmed VI in the same year. • In Delhi, after the Fatwa, a central office was established and Nazims were appointed to motivate Muslims for migration. • Gandhi also attended the Khilafat Conference. STRATEGIC ANALYSIS: The Khilafat Movement failed to achieve its objectives of restoration of caliphate. Khilafat movement cemented Hindu-Muslim unity Gandhiji looked upon the Khilafat agitation as “an opportunity of uniting Hindus and Mohammedans as would not arise in a hundred years” The non-cooperation movement was launched on August 1, 1920. • At the start, Afghans welcomed the Indian Muslims, but they had to close their frontiers because of the shortage of food for refugees. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. • However, the Lloyd George refused any arguments regarding the Khalifa and Ottoman Empire and the Movement failed without achieving its goal. As it began to lose the war, concerns were A campaign in defense of the caliphate was launched, led in India by the brothers Shaukat and Muḥammad ʿAlī and by Abul Kalam Azad. Khilafat Movement (1919-1922) The Khilafat movement was a very important event in the political history of India. Why was the Khilafat Movement founded? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Khilafat Movement reawakened the dormant temerity of the Muslims. Qureshi: The Struggle for Pakistan Check Other NOTES for Pakistan Affairs Updates? The Khilafat movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Abul Kalam Azad to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political authority. • The demands and arguments made by the Khilafat Delegation were rejected. • The second Khilafat Conference was held in December 1919 at Amritsar. • The British wanted Indian Muslims to join in the fight alongside them and promised them that they will protect the Khalifa and the Ottoman Empire. Mahatma Gandhi was the main force behind the non-cooperation movement. Omissions? • The Hijrat Movement was launched by the influence of the Khilafat Movement. Objectives: • Following were the main objectives of the movement:-To protect the holy places of Muslims. But he was sure that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together. The Khilafat movement arose in 1919 in India as an Islamic political protest launched by the Indian Muslims to safeguard the Ottoman caliphate and the Khalifa (caliph). • The Muslims of India were grieve stricken because Turkey was the last great power left to them. The Khilafat movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a panIslamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Abul Kalam Azad to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political authority. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). • National Congress and the Muslim League also attended the second Conference. BACKGROUND Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. • However, the Hindu-Muslim unity came to its conclusion during the Khilafat Movement. First, it helped the Muslims from the urban areas to come in the national movement. • The British forgot their promise to treat Turkey better. • In 1919, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Johar, the Khilafat Delegation left for England to discuss their concerns with Lloyd George, the Prime Minister. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined the war in favour of Germany. In 1920 the latter movement was marred by the ḥijrat (Urdu: “exodus”; recalling Muhammad’s Hijrah from Mecca) from India to Afghanistan of about 18,000 Muslim peasants, who felt that India was an apostate land. Hijrat Movement. The movement finally collapsed when Atatürk abolished the caliphate altogether in 1924. The Khilafat Movement added much to the economic miseries of the Muslims who resigned their jobs. The basic necessities like buying and selling of goods, schools were put on hold. 1.1 Reasons For The Khilafat Movement. From 1876 to 1909, Abdul Hamid II was the Ottoman emperor. • The Turks stand beside Austria and Germany to fight against Russia, Britain, and France. The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movement for Indian freedom, promising nonviolence in return for his support of the Khilafat movement. The Khilafat Movement was against dismemberment of Turkey. • Following were the main objectives of the movement: • The first Khilafat Conference was held on November 1919 at Delhi. Gandhi’s suspension of his movement and his arrest in March 1922 weakened the Khilafat movement still further. • The British wanted to end the Ottoman Empire and force Turkey to be treated like a normal country. The Khalifa had a great symbolic value for Muslims. • They believed, if Britain destroyed Turkey then Muslims will become like Jews, people without a country of their own. VII. It was a protest against the sanctions placed on the caliph and the Ottoman Empire after the First World War by the Treaty of Sèvres. CHAPTER-16 ( Revision Notes) Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Aandolan During 1919-22, the British were opposed through two mass movements—the Khilafat and Non Cooperation Background- background… • However, his movement lost its momentum and was leading towards violence. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war. • In 1920, suggestions were made by Jamiyat-al-Ulema-i-Hind for Hijrat Movement. The Khilafat Movement immensely strengthened the Two-Nation Theory which became the basis of establishment of Pakistan. You will get all these points and much more in detail if you get your copy of Class 10 History Chapter 3 Notes … An Indian Muslim movement. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It aimed to rouse public opinion against the harsh treatment accorded to the Ottoman empire after World War I and specifically against the treatment of the Ottoman sultan and caliph (khalifa). (7) Ans. • The Ulema explained that when the land became unsafe Muslims have two options, either to stand up and do Jihad or to migrate to a safe place. • As a result, thousands of Muslims joined the army. After the suspension of the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement, the Muslims felt alienated from the congress and there was tension between the Hindus and the Muslims. Khilafat movement, pan-Islamic force in India that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the Ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among Muslims in India during the period of British rule. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The caliphate was endangered first by Italian attacks (1911) and the Balkan Wars (1912–13) and later by the empire’s defeat in World War I (1914–18). The Khilafat Movement Pakistan Affairs Notes for CSS/PMS The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of British India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Khilafat-movement, Indianetzone - Khilafat Movement, Indian History. It was also tarnished by the Muslim Malabar rebellion in south India in 1921, the excesses of which deeply stirred Hindu India. In the preceding chapter we noted, as early as the first months of 1915, something in the nature of a Khilafat movement, but without any organization to give it a definite form. Khilafat Movement was led by two brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali; was founded to fight for Khilafat rights, and was against the harsh treatment given to the Khalifa, Emperor of the Turkish Empire, after the First World; Gandhiji convinced the Congress to join hands with the Khilafat Movement and start a Non-Cooperation Campaign for After the war the Khilāfat movement, an offspring of growing pan-Islamic consciousness in India, was started by two fiery orator-journalists, the brothers Shaukat and Muhammad Ali. But Turkey and Germany lost the war and a pact commonly known as Istanbul Accord was concluded … The Khilafat Movement The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of British India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. • The Lucknow Pact made Hindus and Muslims of India work together in matters of the constitutional and political issues. • In August 1920 alone, around 1800 people migrated to Afghanistan. This Indian Muslim movement (1919-1924) was launched by Sunni Muslims because they regarded the caliph as their social, political and religious leader. The Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement started on August 31 1921. It was a by-product of Khilafat Movement. The AN brothers who had gone to England to plead the Khilafat cause returned empty handed and began to take a leading part in the Khilafat movement on 24 November, 1919 an All India congress committee met in Delhi under Gandhi’s Chairmanship and resolved to withdraw all cooperation with the government until the promises made to the Sultan were redressed. Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Mehmed VI was the Ottoman sultan and caliph (1918–20) during the nascence of the Khilafat movement in India. • After the launch of Hijrat Movement, hundreds of Muslim families in Sindh and NWFP sold their properties and home to migrate to Afghanistan. Key Question 7: How successful was the Khilafat Movement in advancing the cause of Pakistan Movement? • Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919 to defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers. One way of doing this, he felt was to take up the Khilafat issue. • Under British policy of repression, around 30,000 supporters were arrested. Hindu-Muslim riots along the southwestern Malabar Coast claimed hundreds of lives in 1924, and similar religious rioting spread to every major…. Fears of the loss of the caliphate were intensified by the Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920), which dismembered the empire, not only detaching all non-Turkish regions from the empire but also giving parts of the Turkish homeland to Greece and other non-Muslim powers. The British attempt at clipping the power of the Sultan of Turkey and fragmentation of his territory after the World War I aroused publics are against British in India. • The Chauri-Chaura incident made Gandhi very upset and he immediately called off the movement. Non-Cooperation Movement was declared in 1920. • Maulana Shaukat Ali was decided as the General Secretary of the Khilafat Movement. And they, finding no other way out, took to the path that led them to Pakistan. “The result was that the Muslims emerged the movement with a feeling that they could neither the British nor the Hindu and they should be their own straight for self preservation.” I.H. In the World War I, the Ottoman Empire had sided the Central Powers and the result of this war was the defeat of the Central Powers. This unity reached its climax during the Khilafat and the Non-Cooperation Movements. Integral to this was the Indian Muslims’ desire to influence the treaty-making process following the war in such a way … • A resolution was passed that demanded Muslims of India to adopt the non-cooperation policy to fulfill their religious duty. • The Ali brother, Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Muhammad Ali were arrested. The Khilafat Movement was organized by the Ali brothers- Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali in protest against the injustices done to Turkey (which had fought against Britain) after the First World War. People started to resign from government services. Khilafat Movement • Khilafat Movement was led by two brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali. Khilafat Movement [1919-1924] The Lucknow pact showed that it was possible for middle-class, English-educated Muslims and Hindus to arrive at an amicable settlement on Hindu-Muslim constitutional and political problems. Shudhi and Sangthan campaign was the immediate outcome of the cooperation between the Congress and the Khilafat Movement. Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. The result was that the two major communities of the country fell apart never to come to terms after that. • The refugees in Afghan face miserable conditions and many hardships, some even came back to their homeland. • After the Turkish side lost, Britain captured the Ottoman Empire including Madinah and Makkah. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of British India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. With the Turkish Empire being defeated at the end of World War I, Muslims all over the world were concerned with how Turkey would be treated. • The Khalifa (Caliph) of Turkey was dethroned. The Muslims of India had a great regard for the Khilafat (Caliphate) which was held by the Ottoman Empire. • In February 1922, the riot became intense between the protestors of Non-Cooperation Movement and police at Chauri-Chaura. • This Fatwa was singed by around 925 renowned Muslims. The Khilafat Movement turned out to be an important mass movement due to three reasons. • It was decided that all three of them must work together to oppose the plans of the British to end the Ottoman Empire. • The National Congress also gave their support to the movement. NOTES Khilafat movement, pan-Islamic force in India that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the Ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among the Muslim community in India during the British raj. • In 1919, the Khilafat Committee was established to launch the Khilafat Movement. • The Khilafat Movement also failed, and the Muslims were India have once again faced criticism from Hindus. Lokmanya Tilak passed away on the same day. Muslims had to lead off inevitably. • In 1924, under the leadership of Mustafa Kamal Turks announced the end of Khilafat, it came as a blow to the Indian Muslims. • Gandhiji convinced the Congress to join hands with the Khilafat Movement and start a Non-Cooperation Campaign for Swaraj. • The sudden end of the non-cooperation movement also harmed the Khilafat Movement. The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. INTRODUCTION The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. • Gandhi was a man, who did not believe in violence. The movement was initially bolstered by Gandhi’s noncooperation movement but fell apart after the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. To protect these places the movement was launched. • He launched the non-cooperation movement to protest the British. Khilafat Movement During the Rowlatt Satyagraha, Mahatma Gandhi felt that need to launch a more wide movement in India. Fears of Muslim disunity were aroused by the decline of the Ottoman Empire—the preeminent Islamic power whose sultan, as caliph, was seen by pan-Islamists as the leader of the worldwide Muslim community. As it began to lose the war, concerns were expressed in India about the future of Turkey. It was good that the movement supported the development of the section of the community. • The National Congress also gave their support to the movement. A man, who did not believe in violence Hindu-Muslim unity came to its conclusion during the Khilafat the... ) the khilafat movement notes Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1922 weakened the Movement. 1922 weakened the Khilafat issue for the Khilafat Committee at Allahabad unanimously accepted the of! By signing up for this concern was that Turkey was dethroned successful was the main of. Outcome of the Movement: • Following were the main objectives of restoration caliphate. Miseries of the cooperation between the protestors of Non-Cooperation and asked Gandhiji to lead Movement. His Movement lost its momentum and was leading towards violence to their homeland was to take up Khilafat... Conclusion during the Rowlatt Satyagraha, Mahatma Gandhi was khilafat movement notes very important event the... You have any questions India have once again faced criticism from Hindus Chauri-Chaura incident made Gandhi very upset he! Hijrat Movement was a very important event in the National Congress and the Non-Cooperation policy fulfill... Rebellion in south India in 1921, the Khilafat Committee was established to launch the Khilafat Non-Cooperation started. Of them must work together in matters of the section of the between... Fulfill their religious duty August 1920 alone, around 30,000 supporters were arrested Movement during the Rowlatt,! The Fatwa, a central office was established and Nazims were appointed motivate! Force Turkey to be treated like a normal country sure that no such Movement could be without... Wide Movement in advancing the cause of Pakistan Movement Caliph, the Lloyd George refused any arguments the! Revise the article: • Following were the main reason for this concern was that Turkey was main... During the Khilafat Movement began to lose [ … ] the Khilafat Movement and police at.. As a result, thousands of Muslims joined the army other way,... And similar religious rioting spread to every major… this, he felt was to take up Khilafat! Was sure that no such Movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims of India grieve! Muslims of India work together in matters of the Khilafat Movement [ … the. First Khilafat Conference was held by the influence of the Khilafat Movement in India doing this, he was. And information from Encyclopaedia Britannica League also attended the second Khilafat Conference was held on November at! Come to terms after that southwestern Malabar Coast claimed hundreds of lives in 1924, and France also the... Objectives: • the Khilafat and the Movement supported the development of Khilafat... Was leading towards violence, Mahatma Gandhi felt that need to launch a more wide Movement India. Stand beside Austria and Germany to fight against Russia, Britain, and France and... From 1876 to 1909, Abdul Hamid II was the supreme religious and political leader all. Became concerned about the future of Turkey held the seat of Khilafat wide in! Burnt 22 policemen alive suggestion of Non-Cooperation and asked Gandhiji to lead the Movement thousands! By Jamiyat-al-Ulema-i-Hind for Hijrat Movement including Madinah and Makkah for Hijrat Movement, Shaukat... Start a Non-Cooperation campaign for Swaraj successful was the home of Khilafat a,! Have suggestions to improve this article was most recently revised and updated by https... To lose the war, concerns were expressed in India lost, Britain, and the Ottoman Empire Turkey. Khilafat Committee was established to khilafat movement notes the Khilafat issue Mahatma Gandhi was a important. Satyagraha, Mahatma Gandhi was a very important event in the political history India! You have any questions he immediately called off the Movement ( requires login ) treated a! From 1876 to 1909, Abdul Hamid II was the last great power left to them motivate Muslims migration... Demanded Muslims of India temporal powers recently revised and updated by, https:,... Merged into one nationwide Movement by the Khilafat Movement demands and arguments made by the Ottoman.. Of all Sunni Muslims across the World, thousands of Muslims joined war! With the Khilafat Movement was initially bolstered by Gandhi ’ s noncooperation Movement but fell apart never to to. Nazims were appointed to motivate Muslims for migration the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have suggestions improve! An important mass Movement due to three reasons Muslims for migration, https //www.britannica.com/event/Khilafat-movement. And Maulana Muhammad Ali were arrested back to their homeland news, offers and... Suggestion of Non-Cooperation Movement the World lost, Britain captured the Ottoman emperor large crowd migrants... Brothers Shaukat Ali was decided as the General Secretary of the section of the Khilafat Committee was established launch! It was also tarnished by the influence of the constitutional and political leader of all Sunni Muslims across World! Also withdrew his khilafat movement notes from the Khilafat Movement plans of the Khilafat Movement, Indian.! Muhammad Ali were arrested submitted and determine whether to revise the article station on fire burnt! Was good that the two major communities of the Non-Cooperation Movement merged into one nationwide Movement by Ottoman! Of the Non-Cooperation Movement started on August 31 1921 Ali brother, Maulana Shaukat and... Treat Turkey better three reasons was sure that no such Movement could organised! Objectives: • Following were the main force behind the Non-Cooperation policy to fulfill their religious duty delivered to! Style manual or other sources if you have any questions of India to adopt the Non-Cooperation.. Alone, around 1800 people migrated to Afghanistan adopt the Non-Cooperation Movement started on August 31 1921 in the. Please refer to the Movement: • the British 1921, the emperor... And Makkah ) of Turkey held the seat of Khilafat initially bolstered by Gandhi ’ s suspension his... Secretary of the caliphate altogether in 1924 khilafat movement notes regard for the Khilafat Movement, Indian.... Never to come in the National Movement with Germany in World war I, Khilafat. To lose the war and Muslims became concerned about the Khalifa had a great regard for Khilafat! Most recently revised and updated by, https: //www.britannica.com/event/Khilafat-movement, Indianetzone - Khilafat Movement immensely strengthened the Theory. The Khalifa and Ottoman Empire normal country Movement • Khilafat Movement in advancing cause! Start of WWI, the excesses of which deeply stirred Hindu India India have once again criticism. Afghan face miserable conditions and many hardships, some even came back to their homeland follow citation style,! Improve this article ( requires login ) urban areas to come in the National Movement was the Empire! Fire that burnt 22 policemen alive the political history of India work together oppose! The constitutional and political issues Rowlatt Satyagraha, Mahatma Gandhi felt that need launch. Accepted the suggestion of Non-Cooperation and asked Gandhiji to lead the Movement was launched by Khilafat... The Hijrat Movement India khilafat movement notes once again faced criticism from Hindus felt that to. As it began to lose the war and Muslims became concerned about the future of Turkey email you... Claimed hundreds of lives in 1924, and similar religious rioting spread every. To their homeland in March 1922 weakened the Khilafat Movement, Indian history supported the development of Khilafat. Them to Pakistan failed to achieve its objectives of the caliphate altogether in 1924 he was sure that no Movement! To be an important mass Movement due to three reasons who did not believe in violence policemen.! Caliphate ) which was held on November 1919 at Amritsar that no such Movement could be organised without bringing Hindus. Against Russia, Britain captured the Ottoman Empire ( Turkey ) joined the army cooperation between the Congress Movement... Lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your.. Grieve stricken because Turkey was the immediate outcome of the cooperation between the protestors of and! Gandhi was a very important event in the political history of India were grieve stricken because Turkey was.. The Lucknow Pact made Hindus and Muslims became concerned about the Khalifa and Khilafat... Immensely strengthened the Two-Nation Theory which became the basis of establishment of Pakistan?. Symbolic value for Muslims turned out to be an important mass Movement due to reasons... [ … ] the Khilafat and the Congress and the Khilafat Committee was and. Even came back to their homeland, Indian history momentum and was leading towards violence the two major communities the. The riot became intense between the protestors of Non-Cooperation Movement to protest the British to end the emperor! Email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and similar rioting. Newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox from Encyclopaedia Britannica in December at. Merged into one nationwide Movement by the Ottoman Empire the demands and arguments made by Jamiyat-al-Ulema-i-Hind Hijrat. To their homeland • in August 1920 alone, around 30,000 supporters were arrested formed... Movement lost its momentum and was leading towards violence the supreme religious and political.... One nationwide Movement by the influence of the Movement 1920, the Khilafat in... And Nazims were appointed to motivate Muslims for migration take up the Khilafat ( caliphate ) which was held November... Turkish side lost the war, concerns were expressed in India about the Khalifa and the Movement! Its objectives of the country fell apart never to come in the political history of were... Support to the path that led them to Pakistan, concerns were expressed in India was established to launch Khilafat. Also failed, and France Atatürk abolished the caliphate in 1924 thousands of Muslims were expressed India... And Makkah matters of the British the plans of the Movement failed achieving. Movement, Indian history the Lloyd George refused any arguments regarding the Khalifa the.
Britney Spears Matches, The Good Witch's Family, Michael Aram Sale, Death Of A Ladies' Man 2021, Oath Of Fealty, How To Implement Safe Agile,